I have a lot of US dollar assets in my retirement portfolio. I’m not really convinced it’s a good idea, but it has taught me the ins and outs of USD foreign exchange rates. Here I’m talking about getting access to (or changing from) US funds for the purposes of investing in your brokerage account. Getting access to US funds to buy things is a different1 animal, one that I covered in a previous post.
Here’s a few things I’ve learned.
Google is your friend for real time foreign exchange (FX) rates
“1000 USD in CAD” is a terrific search term to get an instant FX rate. (also: Euro, GBP, THB…). This is as close as you’ll get for the absolute best FX rate and should serve as your target.
For most brokerages, foreign exchange is a profit center
Meaning: They’re making money every time you convert one currency to another, usually on the order of 1.5% a transaction. Some providers seem to go to great lengths to hide what rate they are using on any given transaction. (I’m looking at you, QTrade2).
There are exceptions in the brokerage community, to be sure.
- Interactive Brokers comes very close to the ideal rate for any sizable transaction3 and is the big winner when it comes to converting currency for investing purposes45
- Wealthsimple recently introduced a tiered FX rate depending on how much you’re converting6:
- Under $10k, 1.5%
- Up to $25k, 1%
- Up to $100k, 0.5%
- Over $100k, 0%
The cheapest way to convert at most brokerages is to use Norbert’s Gambit
Norbert’s Gambit, in a nutshell, involves the following steps.
- Buy an interlisted Canadian stock or ETF in Canadian dollars. “Interlisted” means that the stock trades on both Canadian and US stocks exchanges. Most will suggest using Global X’s US Dollar Currency ETF, namely DLR/DLR.U, but I’ve also used Royal Bank (RY7). There’s a few lists out there that are periodically updated:
- Move the stock or ETF to the US side of your account8. The technical term for doing this is called “journaling” your shares.
- Sell the US stock on the US side of the account, and settle the trade in US dollars.
- Result: you get US dollars from the Canadian dollars you used in the first step, minus any fees9,10.
I must say at this point that although the steps are reasonably straightforward, there are usually delays introduced at each step. For example, you probably have to wait a day for the initial trade to settle before making the journaling request. And journaling may not be instantaneous either11.
With no guarantee that any of these are accurate, here are the specific steps to do the Gambit on a number of popular platforms.